Reference
Research guides
Documentation, handling and procurement references for working with lyophilised research peptides. Nothing here is a therapeutic claim and no dosing guidance is provided.
All guides
How to read a peptide certificate of analysis
What each section of a peptide COA actually tells you — HPLC purity, mass-spectrometry identity, water and counter-ion content — and which numbers matter when comparing lots.
Reconstitution and dilution math for lyophilised peptides
The arithmetic behind reconstituting a lyophilised vial: working out concentration, planning dilutions, and avoiding the two mistakes that ruin a stock solution.
Storing and handling lyophilised research peptides
Temperature, light, moisture and freeze–thaw: what actually degrades lyophilised peptides in storage, and how to set up handling that protects your material.
HPLC purity and mass-spectrometry identity: what each one proves
Purity and identity are different measurements answering different questions. What HPLC area percent actually means, what MS confirms, and why you need both.
Single vials versus ten-vial packs: working out cost per milligram
How to compare research peptide pricing properly — the cost-per-milligram arithmetic behind single evaluation vials and ten-vial packs, and when each makes sense.
Bacteriostatic water: what it is and how it differs from sterile water
Bacteriostatic water, sterile water and saline are not interchangeable. What benzyl alcohol does, why it matters for multi-use vials, and how to choose a diluent volume.
Peptide purity: what the difference between 98% and 99% actually changes
A one-point purity difference sounds trivial and sometimes is. What matters more is what the remaining percent consists of, and whether the method behind the number is comparable at all.
TFA and acetate: what counter-ions are and why they change what you receive
Counter-ions add mass to a lyophilised vial without adding peptide. What TFA and acetate are, how much of the powder they account for, and when the salt form matters to your work.
Reading an HPLC chromatogram
What peaks, shoulders, baselines and retention times tell you on a peptide certificate of analysis, and which features are worth a question to the supplier.
What “research use only” actually means
The RUO designation describes what a material is supplied for and what it has not been evaluated as. What the label covers, what it does not, and why suppliers are careful about it.
Vetting a supplier on documentation rather than price
What to ask a research material supplier before ordering, which answers are meaningful, and why the cheapest listing is often not the cheapest material.